WIC also provides a small cash amount for fruits and vegetables only (cash value vouchers). Participants in WIC receive nutrition education, breastfeeding support, referrals to other health and social services, and monthly benefits for specific foods (eg, milk, eggs, bread, and cereal) in specific quantities. In 2020, WIC services were provided to nearly 6.3 million women and young children in the United States. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a federal nutrition assistance program that supports low-income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant and postpartum women, along with infants and children up to the age of 5 years.
However, few interventions focus on improving diet quality for mothers, particularly during the postpartum period. Thus, intervening on maternal diet quality during infancy may benefit the eating patterns of both the mother and child and reduce their subsequent obesity risk. As such, many children consume sugar-sweetened beverages, desserts, and sweets from as early as the age of 4 months. However, for many mothers, especially those living in low-income households, diet quality is suboptimal. Mothers shape the food environment by choosing which foods to buy and demonstrating what foods to eat through their own observed eating behaviors.
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Maternal diet is a critical driver of the child’s diet and can be a risk factor for childhood obesity. The etiology of childhood obesity is multifaceted and is largely influenced by diet quality and the consumption of obesogenic foods.
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